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Uncrewed Spaceflight Zond

Zond 4

Zond 4The Soviet Union launches an unmanned test flight of the Soyuz 7K-L1 command/service module, a spacecraft intended to orbit the moon with cosmonauts aboard. This unmanned flight, however, is designated Zond 4, and on its way back into Earth’s atmosphere it loses attitude control. With no precision guidance to ensure that Zond 4 will land on Soviet soil, Russian space authorities command the vehicle to self-destruct in mid-air to prevent their space technology from falling into another country’s hands. (The image accompanying this historical entry is computer-generated, and not a real photo.)

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Pioneer Uncrewed Spaceflight

Pioneer 10 launched

Pioneer 10NASA launches Pioneer 10, the first spacecraft sent to study the huge planet Jupiter at close range. Its Atlas-Centaur booster gives it a good head start, propelling it to over 32,000 miles per hour en route to Jupiter, the fastest man-made object in history at this point. Pioneer 10 is also the first man-made vehicle to traverse the asteroid belt, with instruments detecting fewer large particles than anticipated. It will reach Jupiter in late 1973.

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Crewed Spaceflight Salyut Soyuz

Soyuz 28

Soyuz 28The Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 28 mission, the first manned flight in its Interkosmos series of international space missions. Cosmonaut Vladimír Remek is the first Czech in space, as well as the first space traveler not born in the Soviet Union or the United States; along with Soyuz 28 mission commander Alexei Gubarev, Remek visits the Salyut 6 space station for several days, though is presence is purely political showmanship; Remek later reveals that he had few actual functions to perform during the flight. Soyuz 28 spends a total of nearly eight days in space before returning to Earth.

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Odyssey2 Video Games

Pac-Man defeats K.C. Munchkin

K.C. MunchkinIn a federal court hearing in Chicago, Atari and Midway – as the American licensees of Pac-Man – are victorious over Magnavox, whose Odyssey2 cartridge K.C. Munchkin was alleged to infringe on Pac-Man. The court ruling, which results in an injunction forcing Magnavox to pull K.C. Munchkin off the market, says it “captures the ‘total concept and feel’ of, and is substantially similar to, Pac-Man,” and that Magnavox “jeopardized the substantial investments of Midway and especially Atari.” Beaten but defiant, Magnavox releases a K.C. Munchkin sequel later in the year.

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Crewed Spaceflight Salyut

Kosmos 1443

Salyut 7The Soviet Union launches an unmanned module, Kosmos 1443, on a trajectory that will bring it to the Salyut 7 space station for an automated docking. Once connected to Salyut 7, Kosmos 1443 provides extra habitable space for experiments and storage. A hardware holdover from the abandoned Almaz military space station program of the early 1970s, Kosmos remains docked to Salyut 7 through August 1983, at which time it is undocked and jettisoned, falling out of orbit and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere in September.

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Communications Music Science & Technology

Exporting the Compact Disc

Compact DiscFor the first time, Compact Disc players and pre-recorded CDs appear in the English-speaking world (having been available in Japan since late 1982. The first label to embrace the new digital format is CBS Records, which publishes 16 existing titles on CD ranging from classical to rock. The technology has been developed jointly by Philips and Sony since the 1970s.

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Doctor Who Television

Doctor Who: Planet Of Fire, Part 4

Doctor WhoThe 620th episode of Doctor Who airs on BBC1. Anthony Ainley appears as the Master, and Peter Wyngarde guest stars. Mark Strickson makes his final appearance as TARDIS traveler Turlough, and this episode also sees the end of Kamelion, a robot intended to be played by a real robot later beset by mechanical issues in the wake of its designer’s death.

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Doctor Who Television

Doctor Who: The Two Doctors, Part 3

Doctor WhoThe 637th episode of Doctor Who airs on BBC1. Patrick Troughton and Frazer Hines return as the second Doctor and Jamie, and the Sontarans appear for the first time since the Tom Baker era. Jacqueline Pearce (Blake’s 7) guest stars. This is Patrick Troughton’s final Doctor Who episode, and the last original series appearance of the Sontarans.

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Television

Super Force: Tales Of Future Past

Super ForceThe 19th episode of the science fiction crime drama Super Force is broadcast in syndication in North America, starring Ken Olandt, Larry B. Scott, and Patrick Macnee (The Avengers). Wrestler Steve “Sting” Borden guest stars.

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Television

Quantum Leap: Goodbye Norma Jean

Quantum LeapNBC airs the 91st episode of Donald Bellisario’s science fiction series Quantum Leap, starring Scott Bakula and Dean Stockwell. Susan Griffiths, an actress specializing in portraying Marilyn Monroe, appears in that role here, as she also would in other series such as Dark Skies and Timecop.

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Television

Forever Knight: Love You To Death

Forever KnightCBS airs the 22nd episode of Barney Cohen and James Parriott’s supernatural crime series Forever Knight, starring Geraint Wyn-Davies, Catherine Disher, Nigel Bennett, and John Kapelos. Andrea Roth (RoboCop: The Series, Rescue Me) guest stars in the first season finale. CBS drops the series from its schedule, but due to the series’ popularity internationally, production of a second series goes forward; that season will return in first-run syndication in the U.S. in late 1994.

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Crewed Spaceflight Endeavour Space Shuttle

STS-67

Space ShuttleNASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on the longest flight of the shuttle program to date – over 16 and a half days – with the ASTRO astronomy experiment package mounted in the cargo bay. Some astronomical observations on this mission are conducted in tandem with the Hubble Space Telescope. Aboard Endeavour for her eighth flight are Commander Stephen Oswald, Pilot William Gregory, Payload Commander Tammy Jernigan, mission specialists John Grunsfeld and Wendy Lawrence, and payload specialists Ronald Parise and Samuel Durrance.