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Communications Science & Technology Uncrewed Spaceflight

Intelsat I: The Early Bird

Intelsat I Early Bird satelliteBuilt for COMSAT (Communications Satellite Corporation) by Hughes Aircraft, borrowing heavily from the design of the successful Syncom experimental satellites earlier in the decade, Intelsat I is launched into a geosynchronous orbit over the Atlantic Ocean, providing telephone, TV, and fax communication via satellite between the United States and Europe. Intelsat I, nicknamed “Early Bird”, doesn’t go operational until COMSAT has completed diagnostics and engineering tests; its first operational use is in June 1965. It will provide satellite transmission of the first live TV coverage of a returning space mission (the splashdown of Gemini 6 in December 1965), and it will be an integral part of the international satellite links necessary for the Our World broadcast in 1967. Despite being retired from regular use in January 1969, it will be reactivated in June 1969 to handle some of the television coverage of the first lunar landing.

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Pioneer Uncrewed Spaceflight

Pioneer 11 launched

Pioneer 11The unmanned space probe Pioneer 11 is launched on a course that will be one of the first real tests of the theory of gravity assist. Reaching Jupiter in 1975, it will use the giant planet’s gravity to throw it across the solar system to rendezvous with Saturn, the first human-made vehicle to visit that planet. The experience gained with Pioneer 11’s groundbreaking trajectory through the solar system will prove instrumental in the upcoming Mariner Jupter/Saturn ’77 mission, which is later be renamed Voyager.

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Challenger Crewed Spaceflight Space Shuttle

STS-41C

ChallengerSpace Shuttle Challenger lifts off on the first mission to retrieve a satellite in orbit, repair it, and release it back into that orbit. Launched in 1980, prior to the first shuttle mission, the Solar Maximum (Solar Max) Satellite is outfitted with a mechanism to allow the shuttle’s remote manipulator arm to grasp it; however, two astronauts using Manned Maneuvering Units still have to nudge it into Challenger’s cargo bay. With repairs completed, Solar Max is returned to its orbit, where it lasts until 1989. Challenger’s crew on this flight consists of Commander Bob Crippen, Pilot Francis Scobee, and mission specialists Geroge Nelson, James Van Hoften and Terry Hart.

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Atlantis Crewed Spaceflight Space Shuttle

Atlantis complete

AtlantisAfter four years of construction and an additional year of testing and checkout, the Space Shuttle Atlantis rolls out of the Rockwell International facility at Palmdale, California – the last of the current space shuttle fleet, to the best of anyone’s knowledge at the time. Over three tons lighter than Columbia, Atlantis doesn’t have long to wait for her first mission, lifting off for the first time in October 1985.

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Television

Robin Of Sherwood: The Swords Of Wayland

Robin Of SherwoodThe 11th and 12th episodes of Richard Carpenter’s fanciful retelling of the Robin Hood legend, Robin Of Sherwood, air on ITV, starring Michael Praed, Mark Ryan, Judi Trott, and Nickolas Grace. Rula Lenska (Rock Follies, Coronation Street) guest stars. (The two parts of this story will be shown individually in both UK and international repeats.)

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Crewed Spaceflight International Space Station

Space Station Freedom’s new mission

ISSPresident Reagan approves a $10,000,000,000 budget for a redesigned, pared-down Space Station Freedom, to be constructed over sixteen Space Shuttle launches beginning in 1994, with Freedom not being fully operational until 1996. To the stern disapproval of the scientific community, almost all laboratory space has been removed from Freedom’s design proposal, leaving only Japan and the European Space Agency to provide lab space. Without the space for American astronauts to conduct scientific experiments, Space Station Freedom’s new primary mission is quite clearly stated to be to catch the American space program up with, or surpass, the Soviet Union’s long-duration space missions aboard the Mir space station. While the Preisdent approves of the slimmed-down station design, NASA must now run the gauntlet to get Congressional approval to proceed.

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Crewed Spaceflight International Space Station Mir Space Shuttle

The International Space Station

ISSHaving drawn the European Space Agency and Japan into partnerships for the still-on-the-drawing-board Space Station Freedom project, NASA announces that it is reaching out to post-Soviet Russia, not just for ideas and engineering expertise, but to become partners in the new space station. With already-built modules sitting on the ground for a Mir 2 station that it cannot afford to launch and operate on its own, Russia becomes a full partner in what will now become the International Space Station. Plans are accelerated for proposed missions to dock the Space Shuttle to the existing Mir space station, and to use Russian Soyuz capsules for crew transfer and return.

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Television

Hypernauts: Into The Dark So Deep

HypernautsABC airs the seventh episode of Hypernauts, created by Christy Marx (Jem) and Ron Thornton (the visual effects artist behind the CGI of Babylon 5), and starring Marc Daniel (Fast Track) and Carrie Dobro (Crusade). Wayne Alexander (Babylon 5) guest stars in an episode written by J. Larry Carroll (Star Trek: The Next Generation, Space Precinct, TekWar) and directed by Thornton.

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Star Trek Television

Star Trek: DS9: Inquisition

Star Trek: Deep Space NineThe week-long national syndication window opens for the 140th episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. William Sadler (Roswell, Bill & Ted’s Bogus Journey) guest stars. This episode introduces the Starfleet black ops division, Section 31, which becomes a recurring feature in the Star Trek mythos, reappearing in Star Trek: Enterprise and even the 2013 movie Star Trek: Into Darkness.

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Television

Total Recall 2070: Burning Desire

Total Recall 2070Canadian broadcaster CHCH-TV airs the 13th episode of Art Monterastelli’s sci-fi series Total Recall 2070, starring Michael Easton and Cynthia Preston, very loosely based on the 1990 film Total Recall.

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